By Zahid Ikram

Many countries are looking forward to a corruption-free Government.  The essence of e-governance is to reach the beneficiary and ensure that the services intended to reach the desired individual has been met with. There should be an auto-response to support the essence of e-governance, whereby the Government realizes the efficacy of its governance. E-governance is by the governed, for the governed and of the governed.
E-Governance Include:

Government to Citizen Customer (G2C)

• The Government must be operational digitally and online for a transparency and quick operation.
  

• The goal of government-to-customer (G2C) e-governance is to offer a variety of ICT services to citizens in an efficient and economical manner, and to strengthen the relationship between government and citizens using technology.
  
  

• There are several methods of government-to-customer e-governance. Two-way communication allows citizens to instant message directly with public administrators, and cast remote electronic votes.
  
  

• Transactions such as payment of services, such as Utilities Billing, can be paid online or over the phone.
  
  

• Services such as Name or Address changes, Applying for Utilities Services or Grants, or Transferring Existing Services are more convenient and no longer have to be completed face to face.

Government to Employees (G2E)

• E-Governance to Employee partnership (G2E) Is one of main primary interactions in the delivery model of E-Governance. G2E is adopted in many countries including the United States, Hong Kong and New Zealand. E-Governance relationship with Employees allows new learning technology in one simple place as the computer. Documents can now be stored and shared with other colleagues online. E-governance makes it possible for employees to become paperless and makes it easy for employees to send important documents back and forth to colleagues instead of having to print out these records or fax.
  
  

• G2E services also include software for maintaining personal information and records of employees. Some of the benefits of G2E expansion include:
  
  

  • E-benefits – be able to look up what benefits an employee is receiving and what benefits they have a right to.
    
  • E-training – allows for new and current employees to regularly maintain the training they have through the development of new technology and to allow new employees to train and learn over new materials in one convenient location. E-learning is another way to keep employees informed on the important materials they need to know through the use of visuals, animation, videos, etc. It is usually a computer-based learning tool, although not always. It is also a way for employees to learn at their own pace (distance learning), although it can be instructor-led.
    
  • Maintaining records of personal information – Allows the system to keep all records in one easy location to update with every single bit of information that is relevant to a personal file.
    
  • G2E is an effective way to provide e-learning to the employees, bring them together and to promote knowledge sharing among them.

Government to Government (G2G)

• Many governments around the world have gradually turned to Information technologies (IT) in an effort to keep up with today's demands. Historically, many governments in this sphere have only been reactive but up until recently there has been a more proactive approach in developing comparable services such things as e-commerce and e-business.
  
  

• The framework of such organization is now expected to increase more than ever by becoming efficient and reducing the time it takes to complete an objective. Some examples include paying utilities, tickets, and applying for permits. So far, the biggest concern is accessibility to Internet technologies for the average citizen. In an effort to help, administrations are now trying to aid those who do not have the skills to fully participate in this new medium of governance, especially now as e-government progressing to more e-governance terms.
  

Government to Business (G2B)

• Government-to-Business (G2B) is the online non-commercial interaction between local and central government and the commercial business sector with the purpose of providing businesses information and advice on e-business 'best practices'.
  
  

• G2B: Refers to the conduction through the Internet between government agencies and trading companies.
  
  

• B2G: Professional transactions between the company and the district, city, or federal regulatory agencies.
  
  

• B2G usually include recommendations to complete the measurement and evaluation of books and contracts.
  
  

• The objective of G2B is to reduce difficulties for business, provide immediate information and enable digital communication by e-business (XML). In addition, the government should re-use the data in the report proper, and take advantage of commercial electronic transaction protocol..
  
  

• Government services are concentrated to the following groups: human services; community services; judicial services; transport services; land resources; business services; financial services and other. Each of the components listed above for each cluster of related services to the enterprise.