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Bahawalpur
(Punjabi/Urdu: بہاولپور), located in the province of Punjab, is the twelfth
largest city in Pakistan. The city was once the capital of the former
princely state of Bahawalpur. The city was home to various Nawabs (Kings)
and counted as part of the the Rajputana states (now Rajasthan, India). The
city is known for its famous palaces such as the Noor Mahal, Sadiq Ghar
Palace, Darbar Mahal as well as the ancient fort of Derawar located in the
Cholistan Desert bordering India. The city also is located near the
historical and ancient cities of Uch and Harappa which was once a stronghold
of the Delhi Sultanate and Indus Valley Civilisation. The city is also home
to one of the few natural safari parks in the country, Lal Suhanra National
Park.
According
to the Abbassi historians, the city of Bahawalpur was founded in 1748 by
Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi I, who ruled the area until the
independent state joined Pakistan in 1947. The city which was once a
princely state claimed to be one of the largest states of British India,
more than 451 kilometres long, and was ruled by Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan
Abbasi V Bahadur who decided to join Pakistan at the time of independence in
1947.
Bahawalpur
is also an important agricultural training and educational center.
Soapmaking and cotton ginning are important enterprises; cotton, silk,
embroidery, carpets, and extraordinarily delicate pottery are produced.
Factories producing cottonseed oil and cottonseed cake were built in the
1970s. It is an important marketing center for the surrounding areas and is
located on the crossroads between Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta and Karachi.
Bahawalpur is also known for its distinctly embroidered slippers and shoes
and the filigree pottery which is made here.
Punjab
is Pakistan's most fertile province, rich in both agriculture and ancient
history. It's also one of the more stable of the country's regions. The
prosperous and hospitable town of Bahawalpur is a gentle introduction to the
area, which makes the city an ideal tourist destination. From here you can
journey into Cholistan - a sandy wasteland dotted with nomadic communities
and wind-swept forts - or the Lal Suhanra National Park, an important
wildlife reserve. Further north is Harappa which is, after Moenjodaro, the
second most important site of the Indus Valley civilisation. Bahawalpur is
the most southerly town in the Punjab. There are daily flights from
Islamabad about 555 km (344mi) away. Most of the major destinations in the
Punjab can be reached by car, bus, coach, and train.
A
recent report on the agro-economy of Bahawalpur and a number of its
districts, which includes an agro-economic survey, investment climate review
and economic growth diagnostic provides a comprehensive overview of the
local agrarian economy, its interface with the national economy and the main
drivers and constraints to growth. The report also provides a comprehensive
assessment of the major policy and institutional challenges to future
economic development. The city also has an attractive economy, lying at the
junction of trade routes from the east, south-east, and south. It is a
center for trade in wheat, cotton, millet, and rice grown in the surrounding
region. Dates and mangoes are also grown here. Canals supply water for
irrigation. The principal industries are cotton ginning, rice and flour
milling, and the handweaving of textiles
The
city of Bahawalpur is a famour tourist destination for not only locals but
for its rich heritage provides an important hot spot for historians as well
as archeologists. Bahawalpur is known for its cotton, silk, embroidery,
carpets, and extraordinarily delicate pottery. The Punjab Small Industries
Corporation (PSIC) has established a Craft Development Center for Cholistan
area, outside Farid Gate, Bahawalpur from where handicrafts manufactured in
Cholistan can be purchased. Some of the souvernirs produced in the city
include, Flassi - It is a piece of 4-ft * 7-ftsize, made of camel hair and
cotton yarn. It is used for wall hanging, as a decoration piece and a
carpet. Gindi or Rilli - It is made of small pieces of many colors of cotton
cloth and needlework. It can be used as wall hangings, bed covers, carpets
and blankets. Changaries - Like big plaques, these are made of palm leaves
in different bright colours with beautiful patterns and geometric designs.
These are used for keeping the 'chapattis' and also as a wall decoration.
Khalti - It is like a purse embroidered on top with multi coloured threads.
Artwork - It is an attractive type of embroidery done on dupatta, kurta and
chaddar etc.
East
of Bahawalpur is the Cholistan Desert which covers an area of about 15,000
km2 and extends into the Thar Desert of India. The region was once watered
by the Hakra River, known as the Saravati in vedic times. At one time there
were 400 forts in the area and archaeological finds around the Derawar Fort,
the only place with a perennial waterhole, indicate that it was
contemporaneous with the Indus Valley Civilisation. The average annual
rainfall is only 12 cm, and the little cultivation there is, is made
possible by underground wells, drawn up by the camels. The water is stored
in troughs, built by the tribes, between sandhills and din waterholes called
tobas. The people are racially similar to those in Rajasthan - tall, with
sharp features. They live in large, round, mud and grass huts, usually built
on the top of sandhills. On the whole, they are pastoral and nomadic. The
main tribes are the Chachar, Mehr, Lar, Paryar, Channar, Chandani and Bohar.
The forts here were built at 29 km intervals, which probably served as guard
posts for the camel caravan routes. There were three rows of these forts.
the first line of forts began from Phulra and ended in Lera, the second from
Rukhanpur to Islamgarh, and the third from Bilcaner to Kapoo. They are all
in ruins now, and you can see that they were built with double walls of
gypsum blocks and mud. Some of them date back to 1000 BC, and were destroyed
and rebuilt many times.
One
of the few zoos in Pakistan is located in Bahawalpur. Located over an area
of several acres inside the city, it contains a variety of animal species
including Asiatic lions, Bengal tigers, hyenas, leopards, and peacocks
alongside a variety of other animals. Located near the city is the Lal
Suhanra National Park, one of the few safaris in the country housing large
animals, including lions and rhinoceros. The Bahawalpur Wildlife Zoo has a
collection of one hundred and thirty animals and seven hundred birds of
tropical regions, particularly those found in Cholistran region. The zoo has
the distinction of occasional breeding of lions and supply of beasts to
other zoos in the country. It also has an aquarium and zoological museum
with stuffed rare birds and animals.
,
Gulzar Mahal, Darbar Mahal, Shimla Khoti Sadiq Ghar Palace, Darbar Mahal.
The city also has a city gate called Farid Gate, which in its hayday
provides the only entrance to the city for its kings. The gate still remains
and now is located in a busy market in the inner city. The Bahawalpur Museum
and Bahawalpur National Library house various collections of coins, medals,
postage stamps of former state of Bahawalpur, manuscripts documents,
inscriptions, wood carvings, camel skin paintings, historical models and
stone carvings etc. of Islamic and pre Islamic period. There is a complete
set of medals of all classes issued by the ex-state to its military
officers/ civilians and to other important citizens of ex-state.
The
city boasts a number of reputable educational establishments namely The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College and the Sadiq
Public School, Bahawalpur, which is one of the largest and premier boarding
schools in Pakistan. Other famous schools include Beaconhouse School
Bahawalpur, The City School, Alpina School, Army Public School and The
Educators. throughout the country. Some of the most notable include:
Government Sadiq Egertin College (SE College), Government Sadiq Degree
College for Girls, ITLinkzz ( Institute of Information Technology &
Professional Studies), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Post Graduate
College, Govt. College of Technology, Govt. Sadiq College of Commerce, Govt.
Polytechnic Institute for Women, Govt. Technical Training Institute, Allama
Iqbal College of Commerce and The Climber Public School (5-B, Tipu Shaheed
Road Model Town A 0622050190).
Bahawalpur
is well connected with various cities in Pakistan. The city has its own
airport built by the Dubai Civil Aviation Department and the CAA. Bahawalpur
Airport links the city with various Pakistani cities such as Dera Ghazi
Khan, Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore with the national flag carrier, Pakistan
International Airlines. The airline has also launched internationa
l
flights to Dubai with plans to introduce more international destinations.
There are daily train and bus services from Multan, Lahore, sukkur, Karachi
etc. to Bahawalpur. Tongas (hourse carts) and rickshaws are plentiful in the
city. Cars are also available for hire in the city|
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