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Explore Pakistan | Cities | Kasur قصور

 

History | Tribes & People | Population | Physical Features | Topography | Flora & Fauna | Famous & Special Product of Kasur | Industries | Agriculture | Developmental Phase | Health | Renowned Persons of Kasur | Places of Interest


 DPS (Allah Ho) Chowk KasurKasur is one of the districts in the province of  Punjab, Pakistan It came into existence on 1 July 1976. Earlier it was part of Lahore District.

The district capital is Kasur city, the birth city of the Sufi poet Bulleh Shah, well known in that region as well as in the whole of Pakistan. The total area of the district is 3,995 square kilometres.Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Gunda Singh Wala between Pakistan and the India, and is a  tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony. Kasur district is surrounded at  north by Lahore, at east and south by India, at southern west Depalpur tehsil of Okara district and at northern west Sheikhupura district. At east-southern border it is circled by the Sutlej River and at west-northern border of district the river Ravi flows.The famous man made forest Changa Manga is located at western direction of the city Kasur about 30 miles away.

Kasur is known for its foods and dishes, e.g. a spicy fried fish, sweet dishes like Andrassay, Falooda and vegetable (both as fresh and dried) Kasuri Methi.The area is birthplace of many popular figures e.g. Noor Jehan, the Pakistani singer and actress who gained popularity in the 1950s. The city is also the resting place of Sufi poet Abdullah Shah (Bulleh Shah).

There are different traditions about the name of Kasur.One is that the town was founded by Kassu the son of King Ram and named after him as Kasur Pur. (One of Kassu's brothers was Laaho and the City of Lahore was named after him.) According to another tradition the town was founded by Pashtun families from Kabul (today the capital of Afghanistan) during the period of Mughal emperor Akbar. The Pashtuns constructed 12 small forts (called as "Qasar" in Persian) so the city was later on named as Qasoor i.e. city of many Qasar (Forts). There are twelve known Qasars (Kot-urdu/Punjabi word of Qasar) named after the heads of various families.

 
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History

History of City

History of the area is often endorsed as being very ancient by quoting the mud filled town near it (1/2 km away from District Headquarters), which was called Rohay Wal. A tomb of a Muslim mystic Baba Kamal Chishti and some other graves are still found at the top of these teelas, who was of mughal era and disciple of Baba Fareed-ud-Din Ganj Shakar and Nizam-ud-Din Aulia. Many of these teelas has been dug up and has been leveled to ground for encroachments and roads etc. It is said that Rohay Wal (the lost town) was once the main city and the current city was a suburb of that. The city is built upon the high bank which marks the termination of the Majha and looks down upon the lowlands of the Satluj hither. It is a place of great antiquity and is identified by the historians as one of the place visited by the Chinese pilgrim, Howang Tsang in the 7th century BC but it does no appear in history until late in the Muslim period when it was established as a Pashtun colony near the northern/western bank of the Sutlej. These migrants entered the town either in the reign of Babar or in that of his grandson Akbar and  founded a considerable principality with territory on both sides of the Satluj. When the Sikhs rose to power, they met great opposition from the Pashtuns of Kasur. The chiefs of the Bhangi confederacy stormed the town in the 1763 and again in 1770 and although they succeeded in holding the entire principality for a while, the Pashtun leaders re-established their independence in 1794 and resisted many subsequent attacks. The town of Kasur was incorporated in the Kingdom of Lahore by Ranjit Singh in 1807 and had been a municipality since 1885. There is said to be seven tribes of Pathan who settled here sometimes during the reign of Moghal king Baber but more probably in 1560, during the times of his grandson Akbar. At that time the town is said to have a population of about 3,500. Among the Pathans who settled here were certain Hasanzais, whose descendents became the chiefs of the town and founded a considerable principality, including territory on both banks of the Sutlej River. When the Sikhs rose to power, they experienced great resistance from Kasur. In 1763 and again in 1790, a large number of Pathans embraced martyrdom while defending their territory. In 1794, two Pathan brothers, Nizam ud Din and Kutab ud Din expelled the Sikhs from Kasur and reestablished the Pathan rule until 1807 when at last, Kutab ud Din was forced to give way to Ranjit Singh and retire to his territory at Mamdot, beyond the Sutlej River. The town of Kasur was then incorporated into the dominion of Ranjit Singh. After the Sikhs, this area was taken over by the British. In 1867, the British constituted the Municipality of Kasur. It remained a tehsil of Lahore District with an Extra Assistant Commissioner in-charge of the sub division until 1st July 1976 when it was made a district. Initially, the district comprised two sub divisions namely Kasur and Chunian. Later on in 1992, the Government of Punjab created a third sub division called Pattoki. While in 2008 another town Kot Radha Kishan was notified as fourth tehsil (sub-division) of the district.

Kots (Forts-Qasars-Qasoor)

The city of Kasur is an aggregation of fortified hamlets, called kots, small in themselves, but together forming a considerable town. In 1592 12 principal residential colonies were built by Mughal Emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. The names of 12 kots are Kot Pacca Qila, Kot Nawan Qila, Kot Azam Khan, Kot Ghulam Mohayyudin Khan, Kot Murad Khan, Kot Haleem Khan, Kot Peer Mohammad Khan, Kot Fateh Din Khan, Kot Usman Khan, Kot Badar-ud-Din Khan, Kot Ruken Din Khan, Kot Nawab Hussain Khan.

Now along with these there are many other towns and colonies in the city.

History of Name

Historically the city of Kasur was named by ancient Aryan tribe of Kambojas who migrated from Mittani and Kussara and belonged to Ancient King Pithana of Mesopotamian Kussara. This fact is also endorsed by renowned folk Baba Bulay Shah that all Pathans of Kasur would become weavers very soon. The town of Khudian was built by ancient Aryan Iranian Kambojas of Kasur who claim descent from Saman Khuda. A village Khoda nearKhudian is also inhabited by Kambojah Clan. The same clan Kambojas also claims to be offsprings of Kumbakarna and Rama. Ancient town of Rajowal of Kambojas is also related to Kambojas of Khemkaran. According to a traditional belief,
Kasur was founded by Prince Kusha, the son of Lord Rama, while Lahore, called Lavapuri in ancient times, was founded by his brother Prince Lava. Kasur had been allotted by the Mughals to Pashtuns or Afghans of Kabul and still contains a colony of Pashtuns. However the site was
occupied by a Rajput town long before the period of Muslim rule. According to some historians, the name Kasur is derived from Kashawar, the same way Lahore is said to be taken from Lahawar. Kush, the son of Ram Chander or Rama, is said to have founded Kasur like his brother Loh or Lav is said to have founded Lahore. However, some historians opine that Kasur is a Persian word and a plural of “Kasar” or “Qasar” (meaning palace), which the name was given during the times Kasur was a remarkable colony of Pathans, perhaps the most remarkable on this side of Indus.

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Tribes & People

The principal tribes and tribes residing in Kasur District are Bhatti, Malik, Arain, Jat,Sunyare Rajput, Mayo, Dogar, Ansari, Sheikh and Pathan, GUJAR. The refugees from East Punjab that settled in the district largely belong to these tribes and clans. There are mueens or village artisans including Christians, blacksmiths, carpenters, potters, barbers, weavers etc. These mueens are found in all villages and are generally paid in kind at the time of each harvest.

Customs and Traditions

Kasur past has been nurtured by Sufi Saints like Baba Bulleh Shah, Baba Kamal Chishti,Imam Shah Bukhari, on one hand and by musicians, singers like Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Barkat Ali Khan, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Malka-e-Tarrannam Noor Jehan etc. on the other hand. The important cultural events in the district are the Urs of Baba Bulleh Shah and Urs of Baba Imam Shah Bukhari as well as the Urs of Baba Sheikh Bhago. Kasur is also known in folklore for its slippers. A famous Punjabi folk song is :"Jutti Kasuri, Paire na puri, hai rabba ve sahnu turna paya." (The slippers of Kasur don't fit me,Oh God, I had to walk!) Food: The staple food of the area is wheat, rice and pulses.Inferior grains are not generally eaten. Meat is frequently eaten specially in the urban towns. Wheat (flour) is baked in the from of chapattis on an iron plate placed on the fire heart. Pulses and vegetables are quite common items of diet. Spices, salts and Ghee (butter oil) are added to them for flavor and taste. The chief meals are taken just before mid-day and in the evening before sun set but city folks generally have three meals.

Dress

The local dress consists of a Kurta without collar covered by a waist-coat or Kurti and a loose loin cloth or trousers. A long piece of cloth called Chaddar is usually thrown over the shoulders. Achkan and Sherwani are worn on formal occasions by most people, but quite a large number of Muhajirs (refugees) wear these as normal dress. In the villages, a Kurta with Tehband (sheet round of legs) and Safa on shoulders is the most common dress. The Pagri still carries a sign of respectability and some people in the cities while most people in the villages have this as the sole head-dress. The women’s clothes are generally more colorful with popular shades of red and yellow. Women clothing  consists of Shalwar, Kamiz and Dopatta or Chaddar to cover their heads and upper part of the body. Phulkari is a silk embroidered shawl often fancied by the rural women-folks. Saree is only worn by women in towns and cities on formal occasions. The most common footwear for men in the villages is shoes of rough leather usually made by the village shoemaker. Boots are worn by those living in the cities and towns while women folk-wear sandal or slippers. Purdah is very common amongst the lower, middle and upper middle class women but rare amongst women of upper class.

Basant

Basant is annual festival celebration of spring season, which connotes that winter is gone and days of joy and blossom have arrived as harvest of wheat crop is also anticipated in same season. Use of yellowish shades during festival of basant hints towards the joy and blossom of spring and the shining sun. Kasur is very famous all around the world for its specific basant festival, which is now linked with more formal functions in its neighbor city Lahore.

Betrothals / Marriages

Betrothal always precedes a marriage. The proposal is initiated by near relative of the boy or girl and the women of both sides take leading role in finalizing the proposal. The wedding may take place any time after the betrothal. Marriages between the same section of tribe are customary but inter- marriage between people of different tribes and clans in cities and towns is becoming more frequent. The usual age at marriage for boys is 18 to 20 years and that for girls is 16 to 20 years. On the wedding day, the relatives and friends of the boy assemble and proceed in procession to the girl’s house. The marriage procession is generally headed by musical band. The marriage party is received  by the relatives and friends of the parents of the girl. The party is then entertained. Thereafter the Nikah (wed-lock) ceremony is performed by the Nikah Registrar and a feast is given to the marriage procession. Alms are distributed to Fakirs (beggars) and village mueens are fed. At
the end, the groom with the bride are put into a Doli (palanquin) and taken away to the groom house. The bride stays in her new house for a couple of days and then returns to her father’s house. This coming home of the bride is called Muklawa.

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Population

According to the 1998 census, the total population of the district is 2,376,000. Of this 95.4% are Muslims, 4.4% are Christians while the rest are Ahmadis, Hindus and scheduled castes. 22.78% of them lived in the urban areas.

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Physical Features

The district is bounded by the Ravi River in the north-west and river Sutlej in the south-east. Whereas the old course of Beas River bifurcates the district into two equal parts locally known as Hither and Uthar or Mithan Majh. Both of the areas have a height differential of approximately 5.5 meters. The natural surface elevation of the district is 198 meters above the sea level, having a general slope from north-east to south- west. Whereas the east and west ends of the district comprise the flood plains of the rivers Satluj and Ravi, characterized by breaching of looping river Channels braided around meander bars.

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Topography

Topographically speaking, Kasur District lies between the river Satluj which flows along its boundaries with India and river Ravi which flows its boundary with Sheikhupura District. The districts may be divided into two parts, a low lying or riverine area along the two bordering rivers and upland, away from the rivers. The riverine area is generally inundates during monsoon season. The water level in this area is higher than in theupland. The soil is sandy. The upland is flat plains sloping from north-west to south-west. The general height of the area is from 150 to 200 meters above the sea level.

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Flora & Fauna

Flora

Flora of the district has been greatly modified by human agency of the old open forests of small trees and shrubs; there remains only a few Rakhs or portions of forest which are kept as gazing ground for cattle etc. Amongst trees the most important are Kikar (Acacia arbica), Shisham or Tahli (Dalbergia sissoo), Beri (Zizyphus jajaba), Toot (Morus marlaccae), Sharin (Albizzia lebbek, Dharek (Malia azerdaracb),Phulahi (Acacia modesta), and Nim (Melia indica), Piple (Ficus indica) are planted for shade.The growth in Rakhs is composed mainly of three kinds of trees Jand (Prosopis spicigera), Karril (Capparis aphylla), and van or Jal (Salvadora obeoides). Occasionally pelu (acacia
Loucophhloea) and Farash (Tamarix articulate) are also found. Pilchi (Tamarix gallio) is found on moist sandy soil along the rivers and is used for wicker-work, basket making etc.

Fauna

Wolf and jackal are the only wild animals of any importance. The former being met with occasionally in the low land wastes of Chunian Tehsil but jackal are found every where. Changa Manga reserve a thick forest is the only area in which a few Nelgai, pig, peafowl and here are found

 

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Famous & Special Product of Kasur

Kasuri Methi is used as vegetable in various eatables. Fresh Methi herb does not contain any smell but after drying, it becomes fragrant and possesses a specific type low grade smell. Methi from Kasur / Qasoor in Punjab (Pakistan) is very famous in its fragrance throughout the country and known as Kasurii Methi.

Kasuri Methi leaves are also used as a condiment for flavoring and giving special delicious taste. Steaming is considered the best method of cooking leaves; in this the vitamins are retained and the vegetable become palatable. The dried leaves can be composed to pulses for their protein content. They supplement the lysine-deficient cereal diets. They have an aromatic odor and agreeable spicy taste. Kasuri Methi leaves is an important ingredient of curry powder and juicy and fry vegetables.

Historically, fenugreek was used for a variety of health conditions, including menopausal symptoms and digestive problems. It was also used for inducing childbirth.

Today, it is used for diabetes and loss of appetite, and to stimulate milk production in breastfeeding women. It is also applied to the skin to treat inflammation.

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Industries

Kasur is famous for raw leather produce which is sent within country and exported for further cutting, polishing etc. Hand looms, which arenow replaced by machine looms, have been another big industry of kasur. Shoe making industry for sale within and outside the country has also flourished in last two decades and is a major cause of economic well being of lower class of area. Chemical production is also a good business in the city. Whereas many textile, food, iron, light machinery industries are located within the district. Kites and strings manufacturing has been a business of the poor prior the ban on kite flying and use of chemical/steel string some years ago. A very famous paper mill, Packages Ltd. has also erected its new mill in vicinity of the main city. Some sugar mills are also located in Chunian and pattoki tehsils. Kasur is also well-knowned as the city of foods, there are so many foods industries are working with the best quality like: Kasuri
Methi, Rice, Corn, Potatoes and many other vegetable & fruits products.

 

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Agriculture

Kasur is famous for Huldi (kitchen & medical use vegetable). While wheat, potato, corn, sugar cane, seasonal vegetables are famous field products. Cotton is also produced in very low quantity now. Kasur is considered as main supplier for seasonal vegetables and milk to Lahore. Dairy farming is also being practiced by farmers. Bamboo is very famous field produce of the area, which is used for many purposes after valueadding works on it.

Kasur is also famous for the Rahu fish caught from the Sutlej river, whereas many fishfarms are there to produce and sell fish at locallevel.

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Developmental Phase

Lahore Kasur Dual Carriageway

The Kasur-Lahore Dual Carriageway, a 6-lane highway inaugurated by Ex-President Pervez Musharraf is under construction and is expected to be completed by the end of 2010. This is particularly important for Kasur as many people commute from Kasur to Lahore.

Supply of natural Gas

Supply of natural Gas to the city was also planned during Musharaf’s early years and gas supply for many areas has been made now.

General Development

Polluted areas, narrow, bad and encroached roads along with ponds and swamps of polluted water were the scenery of the city during last many decades. But after 1995 a change started, when first drain for tanneries water was planned. It was followed by erection and operation of  tanneries water treatment plant, which resulted in end of ponds of tanneries water and stinky smell of those stagnant waters. Then some roads were carpeted a new and repaired by local district governments. But the current provincial government paid great attention to the city. In recent past DCO Kasur Mr. Abdul Jabbar Shaheen has done memorable tasks regarding general administration, roads & drains construction, and reclaiming encroached land. He became very popular and near to a living legend of Kasur City. He did a marvelous job and really made the impossibles happen. People of Kasur are admiring of his services for rapid development of their (Sohna Sheher) beautiful city. Another key name in this regard is of Ex-Chief Secretary Punjab Mr. Javed Mehmood whose personal attention made all their dreams come true. It is estimated that around 5 billions are to be spent totally by Kasur Development Package excluding Lahore-Kasur road and Kasur-Depalpur Dual Road, later was a plan initiated and pursued by ex-foreign minister Khurshid Kasuri amounting about 3 billions.

 

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Health

Though earlier very few specialist doctors were available and most of the people resorted to the adjacent city of Lahore for their health care needs. But now BIT (Bhatti International Trsut) Teaching Hospital is catering needs of many people by offering free check up facilities.Whereas many small hospitals and clinics are providing basic health services as well.

 

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Renowned Persons of Kasur
 

  • Nawab Hussain KHAN

  • Irshad Hussain Haqani----Journalist/Sr. Editor/columnist (late)

  • Nawab Sherbaz Khan C.I.E.(Companion Of Empire)

  • Nawab Shebaz Khan Hon. Magistrate

  • Mawab Muhammab Ahmad Khan

  • Ahmed Raza Kasuri Ex. MNA------Politician

  • Shaibzada Khizer Hayat Khan Kasuri Ex.MNA

  • Shaibzada Sikinder Hayat Khan Kasuri Retired Member Of CBR

  • Khurshid Mehmod Kasuri ------Ex Foreign Minister

  • Shaibzada Mustafa Khan Kasuri ------

  • Aasif Ahmed Ali ------MNA, Deputy Chairman Planning & Development Commission (Ex- Foreign Minister)

  • Rana Muhammad Iqbal ------ Speaker Punjab Assembly

  • Noor Jehan -----singer, actress, director

  • Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan -----Classical Singer

  • Ustad Barkat Ali Khan -----Classical Singer

  • Ustad Amanat Ali Khan -----Classical Singer

  • Alhaaj Muhammad Ali Zahoori ------- Naat Khawan

 

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Places of Interest

  • Shrine of Baba Bulleh Shah, Kasur City

  • Ganda Singh Wala Border, Pakistan-India Border.

  • Balloki Headworks

  • Changa Manga Forest, near Chunian Town

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